Written on May 22, 2023 by Gillian (Gigi) Singer, MPH, Sexuality Educator & Certified Sexologist. To give you technically accurate, evidence-based information, content published on the Everlywell blog is reviewed by credentialed professionals with expertise in medical and bioscience fields.
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Truvada® is a combination of two antiretroviral drugs (ARTs), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine, commonly used in the treatment of HIV and as a prophylactic. When taken as PrEP, it can be highly effective in preventing HIV acquisition. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a class of medication that provides protection against the transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in instances of potential exposure to the virus.
Truvada® is an oral medication available in pill form, recommended for individuals at risk of HIV transmission through sexual activity or injection drug use. As part of the prescribed regimen, Truvada® is taken once daily to provide effective prevention against HIV infection.[1]
Truvada® works by hindering key enzymes’ ability to replicate so as to reduce the risk of infection. Read on to learn the answer to the question “How effective is Truvada® in preventing HIV?”
Several clinical trials have evaluated the effectiveness of Truvada® as PrEP. One important study demonstrated a significant reduction in HIV transmission among high-risk individuals. The study reported an overall reduction of 44% in HIV acquisition among men who have sex with men, with a 92% reduction observed among those who adhered closely to the treatment plan that was prescribed to them.[2]
Moreover, the results of the Partners PrEP study, which involved heterosexual couples, revealed a 75% reduction in HIV transmission when the HIV-negative partner consistently took Truvada®.[3] These studies collectively emphasize the effectiveness of Truvada® when used consistently and correctly.
A trial showed that 99.7% of people taking Descovy® for PrEP in the trial stayed HIV-negative and that it is just as effective as Truvada®.[4]
Another trial demonstrated that participants who took Apretude® had 90% less risk of getting infected with HIV when compared to participants who took Truvada®.[5]
In addition to clinical trials, real-world evidence from actual users has supported the efficacy of Truvada® as PrEP. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted a study of Truvada® use among men who have sex with men and reported that individuals who took Truvada® consistently had a 90% reduced risk of acquiring HIV compared to those who did not use PrEP.[6]
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), consistent daily use of Truvada® can significantly decrease the likelihood of acquiring HIV through sexual activity by over 99%. For individuals who engage in injection drug use, Truvada® has been shown to reduce the risk of HIV transmission by more than 74%.[7]
Adherence support (i.e., education and counseling) plays a vital role in maximizing the effectiveness of Truvada® as PrEP. According to a study published in Clinical Infectious Diseases, regular use of Truvada® was associated with a high level of protection, with no new HIV infections reported among participants who took the medication as prescribed.[8]
It is crucial for individuals considering Truvada® as PrEP to consult with a healthcare provider who can assess the risks and benefits based on their specific circumstances. While Truvada® is generally well-tolerated, it is essential to understand its potential side effects. Some individuals may experience mild gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea and diarrhea, which are usually temporary and subside over time.[9] Rare cases of renal toxicity and decreased bone mineral density have also been reported, but they are typically reversible upon discontinuation of the medication [10].
Truvada® has proven to be highly effective in preventing HIV transmission when taken consistently and correctly. Clinical trials, real-world evidence, and adherence studies all support its use as an effective pre-exposure prophylaxis. However, it is essential to acknowledge that Truvada® is not 100% foolproof, and practicing safer sex methods, such as using condoms, can provide additional protection against other sexually transmitted infections. As always, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional to discuss individual risk factors and determine the best approach to HIV prevention. You can easily schedule an appointment with a healthcare provider via Everlywell's STD telehealth option.
PrEP for HIV prevention: how it works and more
How long does it take for Descovy® to become effective?
References